Conservative Dentistry

Conservative dentistry is the process of placing small or large fillings in decayed teeth to preserve them in the oral cavity. Nowadays, the filling material used to restore these cavities is composite. Composite fillings can be used for both anterior (front) and posterior (back) teeth.

The term "composite" means to construct or combine. Composite fillings are a universally used tooth-coloured direct restorative material. They were developed in 1962 by combining dimethacrylates (epoxy resin and methacrylic acid) with silanised quartz powder (Bowen 1963). With their properties (aesthetic and adhesive advantages), composites have gradually replaced amalgam fillings over time.

Composite fillings are often referred to as aesthetic fillings because of their white colour, which provides an aesthetically pleasing appearance. Thanks to advances in technology and chemistry, composite fillings can successfully mimic the natural colour and strength of teeth. This contributes to their long-term durability in the oral cavity.

Conservative and restorative dentistry today

Conservative and restorative dentistry in modern times involves the manufacture of fillings, commonly known as white fillings, according to specific guidelines. Composite fillings are now widely used to minimise the effects of mercury and other metals found in amalgam fillings, which have been used since the 1800s. Composite fillings are preferred for their aesthetic properties.

Composite fillings can be conveniently used for both anterior and posterior teeth. When composite fillings are made, a chemical called a bonding agent is used to attach the composite material to the tooth. This bonding process ensures optimal adhesion between the tooth and the composite material, which improves the retention and longevity of the fillings.

How are conservative and restorative procedures carried out?

During the procedure, the dentist uses a simple anaesthetic to block the nerves to the tooth and prevent any pain. This ensures that you won't feel any discomfort or pain during the filling procedure. Using a diamond bur attached to a rotating instrument called an air rotor, the decayed area of the tooth is prepared, cleaned and dried. Bonding agents and composite filling materials are then applied, and the filling is shaped and polished.

After the procedure, it is important to maintain good oral hygiene and see your dentist regularly for check-ups. There is no absolute rule that a filled tooth will never decay again. No matter how perfect the fillings and teeth are, over time, typically 7-8 years, they can start to lose their properties. This increases the likelihood of recurrent decay. It is therefore important to brush your teeth properly and have regular dental check-ups every 6 months.

In cases where there is significant loss of tooth structure, composite fillings may not be suitable and advanced technologies such as CAD/CAM may be used.